Politique Anti-terroriste De L'ue

[Chitah]

Claude Moniquet a écrit ceci:

http://www.atlantis.org/publications_moniquet031.html

En résumé  :

La menace terroriste islamiste reste élevée ;

Les risques d’attentat doivent être considérés comme importants entre le 20 décembre 2004 et le 31 janvier 2005 ;

Les zones les plus exposées sont, dans l’ordre, l’Europe, l’Asie et le Moyen-Orient ;

En Europe, les pays les plus exposés sont le Royaume-Uni, l’Espagne, l’Italie, les Pays-Bas et la France ;

Les institutions européennes sont une cible en elles-mêmes ;

En Asie et dans la zone pacifique, les pays les plus exposés sont les Philippines, l’Indonésie, la Thaïlande et l’Australie ;

L’Arabie saoudite et plusieurs pays du Proche-Orient et du Maghreb restent en situation de risque ;

De début 2005 au 30 juin 2005, la menace, alimentée par le retour de centaines de «volontaires» d’Irak, ne diminuera pas ;

Le mode de développement de la menace est flou : une cellule peut planifier des actions internationales alors que ses membres seront impliqués individuellement dans des attentats locaux de plus petite ampleur ;

Aux confins de l’Union européenne, entre autres dans les Balkans, de nouvelles bases d’entraînement sont en voie de formation ;

Malgré quelques progrès, l’Europe demeure peu organisée face à la menace terroriste.

Ceci devrait conduire l'institut Atlantis à publier la doctrine anti-terroriste de l'UE, et là je sens qu'on va bien rigoler, je ne sais pas pourquoi mais je le sens.

[Ronnie Hayek]

L'Institut Atlantis est une succursale de l'IHI, d'ailleurs.

Comme avait dit Aristophane: "Claude Moniquet, encore un expert à la sauce RTL."

[Punu]

C'est marrant, mais ça me fait vraiment penser aux chroniques d'Elisabeth Tessier.

[Chitah]

Toujours sur le sujet du Contreterrorisme, la doctrine de l'UE semble se préciser:

http://counterterror.typepad.com/the_count…n_is_grapp.html

The UN Reviews Its Role in Combating Terrorism

The UN is grappling anew with its role in the war on terrorism. New leadership has taken over in both the UN's Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee and its Counter-terrorism Committee. The Security Council also established a new working group under Resolution 1566 (2004) to consider new measures that might be taken against al Qaeda and its associates. I submit as my first contribution to The Counterterrorism Blog a short piece I wrote on the UN's role in combating Terrorism. The UN Report

Lost behind the noisy swirl of the Oil for Food scandal, a special high level panel of international experts has issued its own evaluation of UN shortcomings in dealing with threats to international peace and security. That report, commissioned last year by Secretary General Kofi Annan, was meant to review the challenges, threats and changes facing the United Nations in the 21st Century. But high on its list of shortcomings is the inadequate United Nations response to international terrorism. The report finds that the United Nations “has not made the best use of its assets in the fight against terrorism and needs to articulate an effective and principled counter-terrorism strategy.”

Following the 1998 embassy bombings the United States looked to the United Nations to galvanize international cooperation in the war on terrorism. The UN response included two new Security Council committees charged with fighting terrorism. The first , The UN’s Counter-Terrorism Committee, was designed to serve as a resource to assist member countries in drafting new laws and regulations to combat terrorism and to provide a platform for mutual assistance and international cooperation in tracking down and prosecuting terrorists. Under the able leadership of then British UN Ambassador Sir Jeremy Greenstock, it brought together experts from around the world to build new domestic and international legal structures to deal with terrorism. But, the group never really found its role in coordinating member state responses to terrorism, and its original expert membership was subsequently dissipated during long periods of inaction. The UN is now trying to reconstitute this expert group under new UN Secretariat leadership.

The Security Council also established an Al Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee that was charged with imposing and policing measures to cut off al Qaeda’s finances, curb its mobility and inhibit its access to weapons and explosives. But this committee also fell short in motivating full implementation for these sanctions measures. This was due, in part, to the shear difficulty in applying these measures. And many countries simply lacked the resources necessary to enforce them. The Al Qaeda Committee did away with its most effective “name and shame” tool when it dismissed its independent monitoring group after the group issued its 5th report in December 2003 largely critical of the international response to terrorism.. The Committee then constituted a new, more pliant “analytical team,” which, in its turn, also found that “the sanctions regime imposed by the Security Council has had a limited impact.”

One of the principal reasons for this limited impact is the committee's inability to update and expand its consolidated list of al Qaeda and Taliban members and supporters in a timely fashion. The UN list now includes only 176 individuals along with 114 designated entities worldwide. And there is no obligation on countries to take any of the UN sanctions measures against al Qaeda associated individuals or entities whose names are not included on the UN list.

Noting these failings, Russia, following the Beslan atrocities, won passage of a new UN resolution in October 2004, calling on all countries to take the UN’s counter-terrorism measures more seriously. The new resolution set up yet another Security Council Committee to study possible additional sanctions measures to combat terrorism. This new group is supposed to look at “practical measures” to extend UN counter-terrorism sanctions against al Qaeda members whether or not their names have been added to the UN list. They are also supposed to come up with new measures to “bring terrorists to justice through prosecution or extradition, freezing of their financial assets, preventing their movement through the territories of member States, {and} preventing supply to them of all types of arms and related material.” Despite the rhetoric, there is little expectation at the UN that this new group will actively pursue its mandate.

But there is a broader question as to just what kind of activist role the UN can or should play in the war on terrorism. The UN is ill-suited for a direct enforcement role. UN procedures are very cumbersome and political. Diplomatic niceties and political realities hamper timely and forthright action. The UN has a poor record in coping with controversy or holding its member countries accountable. And few countries have been willing to share sensitive information or intelligence on terrorism to so broad a forum.

The UN Secretariat has little grounding in counter-terrorism expertise. And secretariat hiring procedures may not be conducive to putting together the needed secure expert human resource base. During the Bosnian war, for example, the UN had to be convinced to turn over implementation to regional enforcement groups in order to get the sanctions on Serbia to work. These sanctions then became the most successful in UN history.

Perhaps the UN should concentrate, not on enforcement, but on putting together an appropriate international mandate to stimulate others to improve international and regional coordination in the war on terrorism. This should include spelling out clearer obligations on member states to act against terrorism and those that fund or facilitate it. One idea might be to promote the establishment of new regional-based interpol-like centers that would share regional intelligence gathering and police burdens and provide local platforms for sharing intelligence and investigative information. The larger countries, including the members of the G-8 working through their Counter Terrorism Action Group (CTAG) could also contribute support directly to these regional centers.

Posted by Victor Comras at 06:03 PM | Permalink

[Chitah]

Le draft du Conseil de je sais pas quoi contre le terrorisme est rendu public: voir ici

un extrait:

Article 1- Terminology:

1 -  For the purposes of this Convention, "terrorist offence" means any of the offences winthin the scope of and as defined in one of the treaties listed in the Annex.

Si on regarde ladite liste de traités, on s'aperçoit de deux choses:

1 - les traités en question sont très spécifiques, l'un concerne les aéroports, l'autre les matériaux nucléaires, etc…. aucun ne semble avoir d'approche globale (est-ce nécessaire d'ailleurs)

2 - ces traités ont été signés entre 1970 et 1999, or vu l'irruption du terrorisme sur la scène mondiale le 11/09/01, on pouvait s'attendre à ce que, commes aux USA, ce nouvel adversaire soit traité spécifiquement dans le cadre d'une doctrine générale de sécurité.

Il ya une adresse mail où l'on peut donner son avis, c'est pour cela que cette ébauche est publique.

[Chitah]

La même chopse, version américaine, un document sorti d'une commission dirigée par Robert Satloff et Dennis Ross:

http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/PSG2005.pdf

[Chitah]

En fait, ce fil me sert à collecter des documents pour mon usage personnel, ne vous inquiétez pas.

EU Adopts Five Year Action Plan to Combat Terrorism, Illegal Immigration and Organized Crime

The Commission of the European Union has just issued its new 5 year implementation plan related to securing enhanced “Freedom, Justice and Security" for all its citizens and member states. A large part of the program deals with combating terrorism, illegal immigration and organized crime. It also provides a roadmap for implementing enhanced counter-terrorism cooperation as pledged in last November's "The Hague Program." High on the list of priorities is a “reduction of access to financial and economic resources by terrorists…” The action plan envisages new measures to be adopted by member states and the EU to enhance “transparency of legal entities and information exchange among relevant actors at national, EU and international levels.” No information is yet available on what these new measures will include, but there is some speculation that they will contain expanded requirements on financial institutions to report Suspicious Transactions (So-called STRs -- Suspicous Transaction Reports). There may also be some movement to faciliate information exchanges regarding such STRs.

The EU will also put in place a new “Critical Infrastructure Warning Information Network (CTWIN). The center will be charged with assisting the exchange of information between EU member states on shared threats, areas of vulnerability and appropriate measures and strategies to mitigate risks.

The EU also plans to move quickly within the next five years toward fully integrating its new member countries into a common external border control system. This will include integrated management of external borders, a common EU-wide visa policy, as well as the lifting of internal borders of the ten member states that joined in the EU in 2004. The plan also calls for the speedy adoption of a common immigration policy. To this end, the Commission will present an immigration policy plan by the end of this year.

New steps are also planned to combat corruption, organized crime and cross border criminal activity. This includes development of a new EU commitment to expand law enforcement cooperation, judicial cooperation, and cooperation with third countries and international organisations, and to make full use of and further develop Europol and Eurojust.

Past experience has shown that it is much easier for the EU Commission, or for the USG for that matter, to develop plans and strategies, than it is for them to implement them effectively. It is now up to national legislators, the international press and other interested parties to hold the EU, and likewise, the USG, to accomplishing these and similar pledged tasks.

Commission agrees 5 year Roadmap for Freedom Justice and Security

The European Commission today launched its 5 year Action Plan for Freedom, Justice and Security – with detailed proposals for EU action on terrorism, migration management, visa policies, asylum, privacy and security, the fight against organised crime and criminal justice.

This is a major policy initiative and a cornerstone of the Commission’s Strategic Objectives for 2010 - built around prosperity, solidarity and security.

Presenting the Action Plan, Vice-President Franco Frattini, Commissioner responsible for Freedom, Security and Justice, said: “We live in a world where threats to security and personal freedom are ever present in citizens’ mind. In a globalised world no Member State can respond effectively to these threats alone. But European co-operation offers new possibilities for success. This 5 year plan maps out concrete measures to strengthen citizen’s security, to tackle terrorism, to strengthen the Union’s external borders and the fight against illegal-drugs, people-trafficking and organised crime. At the same time it builds in measures to safeguard fundamental rights, to increase judicial co-operation and to enforce access to justice across the Union. This is an ambitious and balance proposal for action. With this Roadmap, the European Commission is responding directly to citizen’s concerns and putting their demands for security, justice and freedom at the heart of its agenda for the next five years.”

The Action Plan takes the overall priorities for Freedom, Justice and Security set out in the The Hague Programme - endorsed by the European Council in November 2004 - and turns them into concrete actions, including a timetable for their adoption and implementation. It identifies 10 key areas for priority action:

(1) Fundamental rights and citizenship

Ensure the full development of policies enhancing citizenship, monitoring and promoting respect for fundamental rights.

Special attention will be devoted to the rights of the child: in 2005, the Commission will present a Communication on the protection of the rights of the child and consequently promote an International Conference to allow Member States and appropriate stakeholders to launch various form of collaboration. It is also relevant and necessary to set up one single emergency telephone number for missing and abused children applicable in the whole Union.

(2) The fight against terrorism

Focus on different aspects of prevention, preparedness and response in order to further enhance, and where necessary complement, Member States capabilities to fight terrorism.

The reduction of access to financial and economic resources by terrorists is a strategic objective for the Member States and the EU: a number of different concrete measures is foreseen in the coming years aiming at enhancing transparency of legal entities and information exchange among relevant actors at national, EU and international levels.

(3) Migration management

Define a balanced approach to migration management developing a common immigration policy at Union level, while further strengthening the fight against illegal migration and trafficking in human beings, notably women and children.

By the next five years, a common immigration policy will be put in place. To this end, the Commission will present a policy plan by the end of this year, notably on the basis of current findings and discussions on the Green Paper on legal immigration for employment purposes.

(4) Internal borders, external borders and visas

Further develop an integrated management of external borders and a common visa policy, while ensuring the free movement of persons.

One of the most tangible achievements will be the lifting of internal borders of the ten Member States that joined the Union in 2004: the freedom of movement will become a reality for all Union citizens.

(5) A common asylum area

Work towards the establishment of a common asylum area taking into account the humanitarian tradition and respect of international obligations of the Union and the effectiveness of a harmonised procedure.

In five years, the Union should agree on a true common asylum procedure and a uniform refugee status valid throughout the Union. This will better guarantee refugees’ rights but also combat abuses of the asylum system. EU Regional Protection Programmes will be developed, in full partnership with third countries, to ensure that more refugees can access better protection sooner and closer to their homes.

(6) Integration: the positive impact of migration on our society and economy

Adopt, support and incentive measures to help Member States deliver better policies on integration so as to maximise the positive impact of migration on our society and economy.

Exchange of best practices will be developed, concerning introduction courses for newly arrived immigrants (for example, a UK company supplying casual labour that has developed a training scheme for employees who are mostly recently arrived immigrants) and civic participation (in order to develop intercultural competences, religious dialogue and participation in political processes).

(7) Privacy and security in sharing information

Strike the right balance between privacy and security in the sharing of information among law enforcement and judicial authorities, fully respecting fundamental rights of privacy and data protection, as well as the principle of availability of information.

Effective exchange of information within a Member State and across Member States is a key element for police and judicial authorities to be able to track and crack down criminals. In the next years, the information should be available at European level at the same condition under which this is done nationally. However, a strong protection of personal data needs to be guaranteed.

(8) The fight against organised crime

Develop and implement a strategic concept on tackling organised crime at EU level, including knowledge of the phenomenon, law enforcement cooperation, judicial cooperation, legislative and non-legislative initiatives, and cooperation with third countries and international organisations. Make full use of and further develop Europol and Eurojust.

Further development and implementation of a comprehensive EU anti-corruption policy, together with actions aiming at fostering public sector transparency, should prevent organised crime from infiltrating licit markets.

(9) Civil and criminal justice: an effective European area of justice for all

Guarantee an effective European area of justice by ensuring an effective access to justice for all and the enforcement of judgments.

A number of measures will be adopted to facilitate the access to justice of European citizens and to pare down administrative procedures, particularly for those who move and reside in a Member State different to their own. This is the aim of initiatives such as the adoption of a Payment Order Regulation and the Green Papers on divorce, respectively succession.

(10) Freedom, Security and Justice: sharing responsibility and solidarity

Give meaning to notions of shared responsibility and solidarity between Member States by reviewing the type of policy and financial instruments that can meet the objectives of Freedom, Security and Justice in the most efficient way.

The Framework programme ‘Solidarity and Management of Migration Flows” will support national actions:

on the basis of a European External Borders Fund, such as upgrading infrastructure at the 6.000 km of land border and 85.000 km of coastline that constitute the external border of the EU, and preventing undocumented from boarding planes and entering the EU, while ensuring smooth crossing of the external borders by bona fide travellers

on the basis of an European Integration Fund, such as funding civic orientation courses and migrant platforms to make newcomers feel at home in our societies, and intercultural training and handbooks preparing local government officials to welcome newcomers;

on the basis of the European Refugee Fund such as providing adequate material reception conditions for persons asking for international protection in the EU as well as a fair and efficient examination of their request for asylum

on the basis of an European Return Fund such as counselling for unsuccessful asylum seekers and illegal immigrants to return with dignity to their country of origin.

This Action Plan needs to be read in conjunction with other Plans and Strategy papers regarding specific policy issues in the area of freedom, security and justice (such as the EU Action Plan on Drugs, and the Communication Developing a Strategic Concept on Tackling Organised Crime). A particular focus will also be given to the monitoring of the implementation of legislation. The Action Plan has to be flexible and adaptable in order to allow for new priorities which may emerge in the course of the coming years. Moreover, a mid-term review of the Action Plan will take place in November 2006.

[Evildeus]

*S'inquiète* Tout va bien?

[Chitah]

Europe To Adopt Patriots Act-Like Measures

European Justice/Interior Ministers got down to business in Brussels, July 13th and laid out an accelerated program to strengthen Europe’s counter-terrorism measures. High on their list of priorities were measures to monitor, gather and retain information viewed as critical to combating terrorism and terrorism financing. They intend to put in place new rules by October 2005 that will require all European telecom companies to retain and make available for investigative use, detailed records of all phone calls, emails and web traffic. They also intend to advance the introduction of the planned new Schengen and Visa Information Systems which was not scheduled for activation until 2007. These systems will be accompanied by issuance of new standardized ID cards which will contain basic biometric data.

The Ministers also agreed to implement new procedures by the end of this year to facilitate cross-border cooperation and information sharing between intelligence, investigative, police and judicial agencies. Further action will also be taken to enhance their ability to identify and follow or freeze terrorism-related funds.(see my Blog). This will include broadening national authority to freeze tangible assets in addition to bank accounts. New measures will also be introduced to tighten oversight over charities and charitable fund-raising activities.

Despite the head of steam the Ministers have put behind these measures, they are likely to face considerable opposition from the European Parliament and from European civil liberties and other interest groups. And even the Telecom industry has indicated opposition to any expanded record-keeping obligations. Much as in the United States, European politicians will struggle to find the right balance between preserving their civil liberties and protecting against terrorist attacks.

Beaucoup de liens sur l'article original: http://counterterror.typepad.com/the_count…e_to_adopt.html

[melodius]

Comme si ça n'existait pas déjà.

[Antoninov]

En premier lieu, une législation harmonisant l'accession aux données téléphoniques et électroniques. Selon un projet présenté l'an dernier, après les attentats de Madrid, une large variété de communications serait concernée : téléphone fixe et mobile, SMS, ou encore e-mails. Les opérateurs seraient obligés de conserver, pendant une durée minimale d'un an, plusieurs données comme l'expéditeur, le destinataire, l'heure, la durée, le lieu… à l'exception toutefois du contenu de la communication. Parmi les autres points mentionnés, la définition d'une stratégie afin d'éviter la radicalisation de certains groupes, la mise en oeuvre de la biométrie (empreintes digitales) dans les visas, un meilleur contrôle des réseaux de charité ainsi que le renforcement de la collaboration avec les pays tiers.

(…)

L'Italie, qui craint d'être la prochaine victime des terroristes en raison de son alliance avec les Etats-unis en Irak, envisage toute une série de nouvelles mesures ponctuelles : un prolongement de 12 à 24 heures de la garde à vue, des expulsions du territoire national plus faciles, l'octroi de permis de séjour pour les immigrés collaborant aux enquêtes, l'accès aux banques de données des opérateurs Internet et de téléphonie mobile, ou encore des interrogatoires sans la présence d'avocats.

(…)

L'Autriche a annoncé qu'à compter du 1er janvier 2006, toute personne sur laquelle pèserait un «soupçon étayé» de lien avec un réseau terroriste pourrait être immédiatement expulsée.

L'Europe renforce son arsenal contre les attentats