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Nick de Cusa

Par Nick de Cusa
dans Science et technologie

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h16

h16

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Par association, tu te mets inévitablement à réclamer le démentèlement de toute ligne électrique qui a grillé au moins un oiseau protégé. C'est absurde.

Non, tu commets une erreur de raisonnement (enfin, disons au moins une).

Je dis : il est certain que l'éolien n'est pas écolo parce qu'il a tué au moins 1 oiseau d'espèce protégé. Le but écolo de l'éolien n'est donc pas rempli. Nulle part les lignes électriques n'ont été vendues sur un concept écolo. Donc plouf.

D'autre part, le fait est que les lignes électriques ne grillent pas les oiseaux dans leur usage normal (un oiseau grillé, c'est une ligne qui a fait un arc, en gros, donc on est hors des clous). L'éolienne, en fonctionnement normal, se comporte comme un hachoir à oiseaux, ce que maintenant moult études prouvent.

Edit: J'ergote parce que

... parce que tu ne veux tout simplement pas admettre que cette position écolo est intenable et que non, cela n'a absolument rien d'anecdotique. Lâche l'affaire et n'en parlons plus.
Nick de Cusa

Nick de Cusa

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Combien d'aigles tuent les lignes à haute tension ? Source ? Comment ça se compare avec les 6000 du permis des autorités, par an (!) pour l'éolien ?

Nick de Cusa

Nick de Cusa

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Le contexte qu'un troll ne veut pas voir c'est que la peine pour tuer juste un de ces oiseaux aux US est très lourde, sauf pour l'indutrie qu'il défend on ne sait pourquoi, qui a le "droit" d'en tuer 6000 par an, plus ou moins pour toujours.  

 

Il y a un problème de justice. 

Nick de Cusa

Nick de Cusa

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Combien d'aigles tuent les lignes à haute tension ? Source ? Comment ça se compare avec les 6000 du permis des autorités, par an (!) pour l'éolien ?

Comme à ton habitude, FabriceM, silence radio. On me dit que je ressors de vielles histoires mais tes trucs et tactiques de "débat" restent les mêmes depuis des années. 

 

Or, moi, vois-tu, je suis honnête. 

 

https://www.masterresource.org/cuisinarts-of-the-air/harvesting-eagles-ii/

 

PS: c'est franchement hypocrite de sortir l'argument des lignes à hautes tensions quand vos éoliennes causent justement leur multiplication majeure. 

FabriceM

FabriceM

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Comme à ton habitude, FabriceM, silence radio. On me dit que je ressors de vielles histoires mais tes trucs et tactiques de "débat" restent les mêmes depuis des années. 

 

Or, moi, vois-tu, je suis honnête. 

 

https://www.masterresource.org/cuisinarts-of-the-air/harvesting-eagles-ii/

 

PS: c'est franchement hypocrite de sortir l'argument des lignes à hautes tensions quand vos éoliennes causent justement leur multiplication majeure. 

 

Ca fait des années que je parle de la mortalité par ligne électrique, et que la nature même de cet argument est rejeté avec force et violence. Et c'est seulement au moment où je dis "c'est la dernière fois", au moment où h16 rajoute "lâche l'affaire et n'en parlons plus "  avant toi que cet argument finit par t'intéresser et que tu exiges des chiffres ... pardonne mon incompréhension et ma lassitude.

h16

h16

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Ca fait des années que je parle de la mortalité par ligne électrique, et que la nature même de cet argument est rejeté avec force et violence. Et c'est seulement au moment où je dis "c'est la dernière fois", au moment où h16 rajoute "lâche l'affaire et n'en parlons plus "  avant toi que cet argument finit par t'intéresser et que tu exiges des chiffres ... pardonne mon incompréhension et ma lassitude.

Ben dans ce cas, ne reviens plus avec l'argument / contre-argument sur les oiseaux.
  • 4 weeks later...
Nick de Cusa

Nick de Cusa

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Une analyse sérieuse de l'American Bird Conservancy sur le massacre des aigles par les éoliennes et la multiplication des lignes à haute tension qu'elles entrainent :

 

https://www.masterresource.org/american-bird-conservancy-abc/abc-fws-comments-i/

https://www.masterresource.org/american-bird-conservancy-abc/american-bird-conservancy-comments-eagle-permits-revisions-regulations-eagle-incidental-take-take-eagle-nests-part-ii/

Stuart Tusspot

Stuart Tusspot

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Franchement ce n'était pas évident à prévoir ça. D'en bas on voit une belle hélice gracieuse, difficile de se douter que pour un aigle c'est un immeuble long (et large) qui lui tombe sur la gueule et le fauche complétement.

FabriceM

FabriceM

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Habitat use of bats in relation to wind turbines revealed by GPS tracking. Manuel Roeleke, Torsten Blohm, Stephanie Kramer-Schadt, Yossi Yovel, Christian C. Voigt.

Scientific Reports, 2016; 6: 28961 DOI: 10.1038/srep28961

Press release :

 

Wind turbines attract bats. They seem to appear particularly appealing to female noctule bats in early summer. In a pilot study, researchers of the German Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin noticed this when they tracked the flight paths of noctule bats, Nyctalus noctula, using the latest GPS tracking devices. The bats managed to take even seasoned experts by surprise.

 

The motive behind the study is the conflict between the exploitation of wind energy and the conservation of the protected bats. The German so-called 'Energiewende', the full transition from conventional to renewable energy sources, causes a steady increase in the number of wind power facilities (wind farms). This expansion of wind power production throughout Germany is also likely to drastically increase the total number of bat fatalities at wind turbines. There appears to be therefore a conflict between the development of renewable energy sources and the conservation of endangered and legally protected bats; a so-called green-green dilemma. According to expert estimates, about 250,000 of bats sailing through the night sky are currently dying at wind turbines every year as long as turbines are operated without mitigation measures. The cause of bat death is either a direct collision with the rotor blades of turbines or a barotrauma caused by abrupt air pressure changes in the tailwind vortices associated with the moving rotor blades. These abrupt air pressure changes shred the inner organs of bats and kill them instantly. Seventy percent of the bats slain by German wind farms are migrating bat species. Noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) are among these migrating bat species. They are also among the largest bats flying in the night skies of Europe.

 

How do bats interact with wind farm facilities? Where do bats prefer to hunt their favorite insect prey? What distances do bats fly during the hunt for prey? How high do they fly anyway? To answer these questions, the research group working with Christian Voigt fitted adult noctule bats with miniaturised GPS data loggers. As a test area, the researchers selected a patch of forest in Brandenburg, east Germany. Cultivated land and several wind parks surround this forest patch.

 

The result: In the early days of summer, female bats seem to be virtually fixated on the giant wind farms. The majority of female bats even crossed the wind parks.

Christian Voigt suspects the following: "One explanation considers the fact that bats make their homes in trees. In early summer, having just finished raising their pups, the female bats take off looking for new homes and hunting grounds. Conceivably, the bats mistake the wind farm constructions for large dead trees, ideal for serving as bat homes. Our American colleagues have suspected this to be the case for North American bat species already. By contrast, male bats generally avoided the wind park facilities and continued to commute between their headquarters and hunting grounds without much variation. These male bats had no reason to venture out. They had already established their quarters earlier in the year."

In general, the bats left their quarters about 30 minutes after sunset. Female bats flew longer and expanded their hunting grounds to a much larger area than the male bats. The researchers were surprised by the long distances the bats flew on their hunts. On average, female bats spent 1.5 hours in the air and covered almost 30 kilometers during their hunt. The average hunting time for males was only 1.0 hour. In this time, they covered only 15 kilometers.

A few individual bats flew up to 250 meters high. However, the hunting excursions of 95 percent of the bats covered only heights between 0 and 140 meters above ground. This is risky business for the bats because in most wind farms, the turbine rotors turn at heights between 70 and 130 meters!

The researchers also learned that male bats prefer 'bio-prey'. Their favorite hunting grounds were above or near organically grown crops. Male bats spent only 21 percent of their flight time above fields with conventionally grown crops. Females were a little less finicky but avoided forest areas. Both male and females frequently hunted near linear structures such as hedgerows or alleys.

The results are further evidence in favor of the idea that environmental goals and conversation goals are in principle compatible with each other. When searching for real estate for future wind parks, operators should exclude certain environments from consideration. These include meadows and pastures, cultivated areas with organic crops and areas close to rivers and lakes or areas with linear landscape elements. Before considering the installation of a wind farm, bat detector devices can indicate whether bats use the area as hunting ground. Such bat detectors listen in on the echolocation calls of bats and automatically record them. "According to legislation, the investor and operator who plan to establish some wind farm facility must test for the presence of bats. Alas, imposed regulations remain largely unheeded!" mentions Christian Voigt.

Small changes in the operation of existing wind farms would be sufficient to minimise bat fatalities and defuse the renewable energy -- bat conservation conflict. Bats only rarely fly at temperatures below 10 °C and wind speeds above eight meters per second. This wind speed is close to the minimum where the net energy production of a wind turbine starts. Operating the turbines only at wind speeds above eight meters per second would cause less than one percent loss in terms of electricity generated, a minute loss for the operator. The required technology for adjusting the operation of wind turbines in this manner already exists and is readily available. It would therefore be no big deal to support bat conservation in addition to providing green energy. Why does it not happen more frequently? Christian Voigt ventures a guess: "Wind farms already carry the green stamp of renewable energy production. As a consequence, the operators feel that they made a sufficient contribution to environmental protection. However, it should be the objective of an intelligent 'Energiewende' to work sustainably in all areas.

 

This should include both measures to alleviate climate change and the conservation of biological diversity. Climate protection and the conservation of species are compatible. It is quite simple to avoid sites with large bat populations and to institute the respective shutdown times in the operations of wind farms. This would drastically reduce bat fatalities around wind farms."

Bats are listed as protected species in Germany as well as in the entire EU. They are the only mammals capable of true active flight, and they play a very useful role in the environment. Bats in Europe live exclusively on insects. Aside from devouring heaps of menacing mosquitos, they also make short shrift of the legions of crunchy beetles and juicy caterpillars which would otherwise make a meal out of every ear of corn and most vegetables in fields and gardens. "Bats are veritable service providers for ecosystems. Farmers should appreciate their contribution. They have to use far less insecticide as long as bats hunt for insects above their fields."

Every killed bat is sorely missed in the population because bats reproduce slowly. Not only local populations but also those of migrating bats shrink in size if there are too many bat fatalities around wind farms. The fatality rates are particularly devastating for bat species on their way from northeast Europe, where they reproduce, to southern and western Europe via Germany, where they hibernate during the winter months.

 

h16

h16

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"to institute the respective shutdown times in the operations of wind farms"

yeaah : un truc déjà salement intermittent, mais en plus, "off" pendant la nuit. C'est de plus en plus :lol:.

  • 2 weeks later...
Tortue joviale

Tortue joviale

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Bacteria made to turn sewage into clean water – and electricity
A self-powered waste water treatment plant using microbes has just passed its biggest test, bringing household-level water recycling a step closer
 
They are miraculous in their own way, even if they don’t quite turn water into wine. Personal water treatment plants could soon be recycling our waste water and producing energy on the side.
 
Last month, Boston-based Cambrian Innovation began field tests of what’s known as a microbial fuel cell at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Maryland. Called BioVolt, in one day it can convert 2250 litres of sewage into enough clean water for at least 15 people. Not only that, it generates the electricity to power itself – plus a bit left over.
 
This is a big deal, as conventional treatment plants guzzle energy – typically consuming 1.5 kilowatt-hours for every kilogram of pollutants removed. In the US, this amounts to a whopping 3 per cent of the total energy demand. If the plants could be self-powered, recycling our own waste water could become as commonplace as putting a solar panel on a roof.
 
Existing treatment plants use bacteria to metabolise the organic material in waste water. “There’s lots of food for them, so they reproduce fast,” says Cambrian chief technology officer Justin Buck. At the end of the process, the microbes can make up a third by weight of the leftovers to be disposed of. Before being put in landfill, this “microbe cake” itself needs to be heat-sterilised and chemically treated, which uses a lot of energy.
 
Microbial fuel cells have long been touted as the way forward. The idea is that the biochemistry involved in metabolising the contaminants can yield electricity to help power the process. But fuel cells of this kind have been very difficult to scale up outside the lab.
 
BioVolt uses strains of Geobacter and another microbe called Shewanella oneidensis to process the sludge. Its proprietary mix of organisms has one key advantage – the bacteria liberate some electrons as they respire, effectively turning the whole set-up into a battery. This has the added benefit of slowing bacterial growth, so that at the end of the process you have electricity and no microbe cake.
 
A number of teams are working on their own versions of these cells. Orianna Bretschger at the J. Craig Venter Institute in San Diego, California, is testing hers at a farm run by the San Pasqual High School in nearby Escondido, using it to process about 630 litres of pig waste per day.
 
“The bacteria that purify the water also liberate electrons, turning the set-up into a battery“
Bretschger is in the early stages of building a larger pilot system, to be commissioned in Tijuana, Mexico, later this year. “I think that we will still be on track for commercialisation in the next three to five years,” she says.
 
Her system goes a step beyond BioVolt and traditional plants in that it can rid water of pharmaceuticals – synthetic oestrogens, for example. Bretschger is now looking at ways to add pain relief drugs to the list.
 
Cambrian CEO Matt Silver sees a future in which different kinds of microbial fuel cells treat different kinds of waste, perhaps recovering useful by-products. Another of the firm’s designs, EcoVolt, generates methane as it cleans up waste water produced by a Californian brewery. It has also cut the brewery’s energy use by 15 per cent and its water use by 40 per cent.
 
Cambrian hopes BioVolt will scale up to processing more than 20,000 litres per day. Microbial fuel cells, Silver thinks, will do for renewable water what solar and wind did for renewable energy.
 

 

 

 

NoName

NoName

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Conseil d'ami : si on propose d'en contruire près de chez vous, battez vous. 

 

http://fr.friends-against-wind.org/testimonies/nuisances-acoustiques-des-eoliennes-industrielles

jamais eu de problemes de nuisances accoustiques pour ma part

 

et pourtant, j'habite dans une zone avec quelque chose comme 300 éoliennes sur un carré de 6km de côté, et mon village en plein milieu

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